About

Why keep count, and how it works

One idea about the future says that as machines get smarter, people keep up by joining with them: better senses, better memory, a direct line from brain to computer. Whether that is happening is a question with an answer, and the answer is a list. This site is that list, kept in the open so that anyone can check an entry, argue with a stage, or add what is missing.

How it works

How the numbers are worked out

Every number on this site is a count of upgrades by stage, so this page is mostly about how a stage is decided. Short for now: the rules below are the ones in force on 16 October 2026; they grow as the list does, and every change to them is dated on the story so far.

What gets onto the tree

An upgrade is one specific technology that changes how a human body or mind works: a device, a drug, a procedure, or a practice such as leaning on an always-on AI assistant. To be written down it needs three things: a plain name, a test that says what would count as a person having it (written so that two readers would agree), and a source that would settle that test, meaning a named public record such as a journal, a regulator or a news organisation. Something that cannot be tested that way does not get in.

The five stages

  1. Idea only. Proposed or worked on, but not yet shown to work in any living animal.
  2. Shown in animals. Shown to work in a living animal, in a peer-reviewed report.
  3. First human. At least one person has had it, with a public record of that. Approval is not required.
  4. In clinical use. A regulator somewhere has approved it, or it is in routine use in a named clinical setting.
  5. In wide use. Available to the general public in at least one country and taken up by many people.

An upgrade sits on the highest rung a public record puts it on. Each rung reached gets a date and a link to the record that put it there, and the upgrade's page shows the ladder with those dates. Where an earlier rung was reached but the date is not known, the ladder says so rather than guessing.

Three rules that surprise people

The headline count

The number on the home page is the count of upgrades at first human or above, out of all the upgrades on the tree. It is worked out from the record every time the site is built, never typed in. The figure beside it shades each branch by the furthest stage reached under it.

Who does what

I rule on what goes on the tree and on every stage. Claude, an AI assistant, drafts entries, proposes stages and checks records, and built this site. An entry written by Claude from memory carries a list of the claims not yet checked against a source, shown on the entry's page under "Still to check", and the entry is not treated as settled until that list is empty.

The claims and the second number

Two more records sit beside the count. The claims are what people have said about merging with machines, each on a dated occasion with the recording or text it can be checked against, at most one exact phrase quoted, and the rest in plain words with the hedges kept; a claim never moves a stage. The second number is how much information has passed from a brain to a machine, plotted over time on the link to machines page from the peer-reviewed papers and the makers' own releases, each point in the unit its source used, against the speeds of typing and speech.

What is not here yet

A regular reading of the news against every upgrade, so that a stage change is caught within days.

The story so far

Every change, dated

Every change to the record, the stage ladder or the site, with absolute dates. Newest first. The Story page on the site renders this file.

This page is the repository's changelog as written: CHANGELOG.md.